Somatic cell reprogramming represents a transformative approach in regenerative medicine, enabling differentiated cells to revert to a pluripotent state, known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This process is orchestrated by a complex interplay of transcriptional, epigenetic, and signaling pathways that collectively govern cell fate determination. Key transcription factors initiate the reprogramming cascade, while epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone remodeling, modulate chromatin accessibility to facilitate pluripotency gene activation. Concurrently, intracellular signaling networks, such as Wnt, TGF-β, and MAPK pathways, influence reprogramming efficiency and the stabilization of induced pluripotent states. Understanding the integration and dynamics of these molecular pathways is critical for improving reprogramming outcomes, reducing variability, and advancing therapeutic applications. This review synthesizes current insights into the molecular mechanisms driving somatic cell reprogramming, highlighting potential strategies to optimize iPSC generation and functional maturation for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative therapies.