Objectives: To obtain domestic and international evidence on mechanical prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in adult inpatients and to summarize the best evidence.

Methods: By the "6S" pyramid model, domestic and international guidelines and databases were systematically searched, with a time frame from the establishment of the database to January 31, 2023, and evidence with a more recent time frame was preferred. Two researchers (Master) with evidence-based training independently searched, screened, and evaluated the evidence, and a third (Doctor) reviewed, extracted, and graded the evidence for the included literature.

Results: A total of 3590 documents were obtained from the Chinese and English databases retrieved, and after screening and evaluation, 22 documents were finally included, which were summarized to form 7 key elements and 28 pieces of best evidence.

Conclusions: This study summarizes the evidence related to mechanical prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients to provide an evidence-based basis for standardizing clinical mechanical prophylaxis, and healthcare professionals need to select the best evidence in a targeted manner by taking into account the characteristics of the hospital and the clinical environment.